Copy-book.



Patented Mar. 20, 1900,. .1. w. WILLIAMS & R." J. mronu.

COPY BOOK.

(Application filed Oct. 80, 1899.)

(No Model.)

W/TNESSES m: NORRIS versus ca. PNDYO-LI'INO wnsmusron, q\c.

NiTE STATES JAMES WVM. IVILLIAMS AND ROBERT J. TILFORD, OF LOUISVILLE,KEN- TUCKY; SAID TILFORD ASSIGNOR TO MARY E. TILFORD, OF SAME PLACE.

COPY-BOOK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 645,614, dated March20, 1900.

' Application filed October 30, 1899. Serial No. 73 5,252. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES WILLIAM WIL- LIAMS and ROBERT J. TILFORD,citizens of the United States, residing at Louisville, in the county ofJefferson and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Copy-Books, of which the following is a specification.

For use in teaching penmanship we have designed a copy-book in which thecopy-example is placed on the leaf at the edge which is opposite thebinding edge and at the bottom of the book as it lies when being writtenupon, whereby the pupil does not write upon the same page which containsthe copy,

but upon the page under the one which con-- tains the copy, and which isheld in a wave-like fold or form at the bound or top edge of the book,so that its free edge has the copy successively moved down as each lineis written on the underleaf. This successive downward movement of thecopy-leaf covers the line last written and insures that the pupil willcopy from the copy-example and not from his own handwriting. Theprovision of the copy at the bottom edges of the leaves admits of makingthe copy in reverse direction on the opposite sides of the leaf, wherebythe book is rendered reversible for use with either cover turned up.This arrangement of the copy also admits of the use of different stylesof copy in the same book and of the selection of one copy by thedetachment of the other, as it may be determined which copy the pupilmay learn from. Provision is also made for holding the copy-sheet inplace as it is successively moved down overthe written line and thatwhen the under page is written in the same way it becomes the copy forthe next succeeding page or leaf.

The provision of the copy in two .or more styles of writing gives theadvantage to the pupil of learning two styles or ways from the samebook, if it be desiredas, for example, vertical or slanting form oflettersand making these different copy-forms separable allows one onlyor both to remain on the sheet. It gives the advantage of using theiiy-leaf or cover as a copy-form, and it gives the advantage of usingboth sides of each leaf as a copy-form by reason of placing thereon theeach edge of each sheet there may be a line of perforations for thedetachment of soiled edges.

An important provision in a copy-book having the leaves bearing the copyat their lower edges is a loop or tape having sufficient fullness orslack crossing at the bound edge of the book between the leaves forholding the copy-leaf as it is successively moved down on the under leafto present the. copy-form at its lower edge atthe line on which thesucceeding copy is to be written andas a cover for the line which waslast written.

The accompanying drawings illustrate our new copy-book, wherein- Figure1 shows the book with copy at the lower edge of the fly-leaf or cover,which is folded wave-like over the binding edge to present the copy atthe top of the under page and held in such position by the cross loop ortape, and also showing the under page as having two different styles ofcopy. Fig. 2 is a like View showing the leaf next the flyleaf or coveras folded or waved over the binding edge to present the single selectedcopy at the top of the under page and held in such-position by the loop.Fig. 3 shows the book with the cover turned back and one of the leavesturned up at the corner to exhibit the reverse running of the copy onits opposite side, whereby the book is used to write from either cover;and Fig. 4 is a section showing the manner of successively moving andholding the leaf to present the copy edge at the top of the page to bewritten.

The book is bound so that its covers and leaves open at the edge whichis away from the pupil while being used. At its lower or free edge eachleaf is provided with two or more copy-forms 1 and 2, joining and parallel-that is, one above the other, the lower one as a contiguous stripwhich by means of a line of perforations 3 between them is separable.These copy-forms are of different styles of writing, whereby from asingle book the pupil can learn two different styles ora single style ofwriting. The fixing of the copy-form at the lower edge of the sheetgives the advantage of using each sheet as the copy from which the pupilimitates and the sheet next and immediately under or following, whilethe reverse copy on the other side of the sheet gives the advantageofusing the book from either cover, so that the book when finished can beread from either cover. The writing in reading from one cover may difierin style from that read from the other cover, or both styles may be thesame, and the importance of this is that from a single book the teachermay the better determine the aptitude of the pupil for learning eitherstyle. Ifthe lower copy be the one deemed advisable to use, thecontiguous upper copy will not interfere; but if the upper copy is theone selected to teach from. then the lower copy may be removed. The copymay be produced in any way and of any style across the width of thesheet and the two styles separated a sufficient distance to render themdistinct, and this distinctness is increased by the line of perforationsextending the width of the leaf, while the copy is within propermargins.

Pupils in using the book soil the leaves by the fingers in holding thecopy-leaf and in moving it successively down over the lines as they'areWritten and with the copy immediately at the point of or in closeproximity to the pen in the hand of the person copying, and to renderthe soiled side edges of the leaves detachable we perforate the leavesalong their side edges about an inch from the edges at t and from thefree to the binding edge, so that the edges may be torn off and leavethe sheet clean and intact. As a means of holding the leaves, however,when used in the way stated and avoid soiling them by the fingers, weprovide the book secured at the binding edge with a loop of cord, tape,or wire 5, with sufficient fullness or slack across the width of thebook to allow the leaf containing the copy to be passed under the tape,and by its peculiar wave-like form under the tape its edge will be helddown on the under leaf with the copy at the desired point. This holdingfunction of the loop is rendered efiective by the tendency of the leafto rise back of the holding-line with a sort of spring-pressure upon theloop, while such holding function allows the leaf to be freely slippedor moved under the loop successively as the pupil makes the copy. Theloop may be made of any suitable material-cord or tape or fine wireandsecured at the bound edge in any way that will give it the necessarylooseness to be placed over any of the leaves and to hold them so thatthe copy-leaf may be set at the proper point on the under leaf as thecopying progresses.

In placing of the copy at the bottom edge of the fly-leaf or cover itbecomes the copy for v the under first leaf, and the placing of the copyat the bottom of the first page makes it the copy for the second leaf,and so on, until the book is written in this way from either cover. Inthis way each leaf is used to present the copy to the under leaf at thevery point of the pen, and the pupil must of necessity learn the art ofwritin g much speedier and more thoroughly than by any other plan knowntous.

By keeping the edge of the sheet, with its copy, immediately in front ofthe eyes of the pupil they are greatly relieved of strain.

The moving of one sheet of the book down line by line on the sheet onwhich the lines are being made is a new idea in copy-books that rendersit desirable for learners and economical in supplying in one book whathas hitherto been furnished in two. The construction resulting from thisnew idea gives the advantage of allowing both covers to be used ascopy-slides and the book to be used continuously from both covers untilit is filled.

For the fly-leaves or covers we prefer to make the copy-forms ofnumbers, and the first page will be ruled'for such copying.

The sides of the leaves may be soiled by the fingers with or without theuse of the loop, and the provision for tearing off the soiled sides ismade on both sides alike because the book is used from both covers.

It will of course be understood that the book may be used without theholding loop and without the side perforations, the essential matter ofour invention being involved in. the idea of having the copy at thelower edge of each leaf, whereby an upper leaf is used by the pupil as acopy for an under leaf on which the pupil writes.

We claim- 1. A copy-book the leaves whereof are hinged at their upperends and at their lower ends are provided with copy running in reversedirections on their opposite sides and readable when the hinge is at thetop of the page whereby the book can be written from either cover, onepage of each leaf from one cover and the other page of each leaf fromthe other cover.

2. As an improved article of manufacture a copy-book the leaves whereofare hinged at their upper ends, their lower ends provided with aplurality of different styles of copyforms each set running in reversedirections on the opposite sides and readable when the hinge is at thetop of the leaf, the end copy of each leaf only being detachable,whereby each leaf and each page thereof is provided with differentstyles of copy from cover to cover.

3. A copy-book comprising the covers bound at their top edges theirlower edges provided with the copy running in opposite directions ontheir outer sides, the lower edges of the leaves between the coversprovided with the copy running in opposite directions on both sides andreadable when the hinge is at the top of the page whereby the book maybe written from either cover from end to end.

4. A copy-book the leaves whereof at the edges parallel to the bindingare provided with the copy, in combination with a loop transverselysecured at the binding edge for use in the way stated.

5. A copy-book ruled parallel with the binding the leaves whereof areprovided at their lower edge with the copy running in reverse directionon their opposite sides and readable when the hinge is at the top of thepage, in combination with means whereby the copyleaf may be slidablyheld above the writing on the next succeeding page from either cover.

6. A copy-book the leaves whereof at the edges parallel to the bindingare provided with the copy, their right-angled edges provided with aline of perforations, for the purpose stated.

7. As an improved article of manufacture the herein-described copy-bookcomprising the covers bound at their upper edges their lower edgesprovided with copy, the leaves between the covers provided with copyrun- JAMES WM. WILLIAMS. ROBERT J. TILFORD.

Witnesses:

F. M. CRONK, ROGER G. McGRATrI.

